Al‑Nour Party itself won 111 of the 127 seats. [22], The party was officially founded on 30 April 2011, and it was announced that it would contest up to half the seats in the upcoming parliamentary election. Morsi was no one’s idea of a head of state. Morsi and other senior Brotherhood members, believing that the Tahrir Square protests were bound to fail, sought a compromise with the army. Sometimes, Morsi can seem like the inspiring guardian of Egyptian democracy—such as when he courageously dismissed the military junta that had claimed the right to rule post–Hosni Mubarak Egypt. As rockets and missiles rained down on both Israel and Gaza, Morsi faced a critical test of whether his pragmatism would trump his ideology. Karagül concludes with a condemnation of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and his Emirati counterpart Mohammed bin Zayed, who have no overt connection to the Morsi trial in Egypt other than maintaining generally friendly relations with … Islamist protesters called the move a coup. By late 2012, the Freedom and Justice Party was no longer part of the Democratic Alliance coalition. "[31] The Alexandria Urgent Matters Court however ruled on 26 November 2014 that it lacked jurisdiction. Observers say that the military and the Brotherhood remained in constant contact in the weeks following Mubarak’s resignation. His former party, the Muslim Brotherhood and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, a close ally of Morsi, are among those who have blamed the Egyptian leadership for his death. They quietly discussed such issues as scheduling elections, writing a constitution, and compiling a list of possible Brotherhood nominees for president. “If he wants to maintain Egypt’s financial resources, he will have to abandon the path of confrontation with Israel.”. "[40][41], In addition, carcinogenic pesticides were imported from the Zionist entity, and Egyptian agriculture was made available to the Zionist entity. [10] The party was banned and dissolved in 2014; however, it continues to function underground. ), Like many members of the Guidance Council, Morsi was a generation older than most of the Brotherhood protesters in Tahrir Square. Although he admired the American work ethic, he chose to insulate himself from American society, spending much of his time with a small circle of fellow students from Arab countries. “Morsi was committed to whatever the Brotherhood dictated,” Nour said. Ensuing protests in favour of Morsi were violently suppressed with the dispersal of pro-Morsi sit-ins on 14 August 2013, amid ongoing unrest. He earned acclaim for his attacks against the corruption of the Mubarak regime, as well as for a popular inquest he led into the 2002 Cairo-Aswan train disaster, which killed at least 350 people. Mohamed Morsi, Egypt’s first democratically elected president, was overthrown by the army on July 3 after massive nationwide protests calling for his removal on the first anniversary of his rule. His closest political mentor was Khairat Al Shater, a multimillionaire who owned a textile and furniture business with outlets across Cairo. On the second floor of his three-story red brick childhood home, he still keeps a small study. In 1952, the Brotherhood backed Gamal Abdel Nasser’s army coup but quickly withdrew its support when Nasser’s secular leanings emerged. On 7 May 2013, nine ministers were also changed in the cabinet, increasing the number of the FJP members to 12 out of total 35. In November, he deftly helped negotiate a cease-fire between Israel and Hamas, averting a bloody ground war in the Gaza Strip. He was removed from the presidency by a military action in July 2013, following massive demonstrations against his rule. “All of the vacations before becoming the president, he would come back here and work the fields, and sit with me, and talk,” he said, smoking a cigarette as the wail of the muezzin began to sound from a few hundred yards away. Hazy language about women’s rights has raised the fear that the Islamists will now have the leeway to lower the marriage age from 18, decriminalize female genital mutilation, and impose discriminatory property inheritance and divorce laws. According to Alhadi Mohammed, a French teacher and neighbor, Morsi was one of a select few children who were sent to the secondary school in the village of Hehya, outside Al Adwa. [18] The Muslim Brotherhood has been declared a terrorist group by the interim government, leaving the status of the FJP unclear. And so Morsi became a strong advocate for Egypt’s free-market economy. For seven months, he languished in prison, not knowing whether he would ever work again in the government. “As president, he swore five times in a single day that Egypt will never become a religious state,” Nour told me. Who was Mohammed … *Correction: This piece originally said that the feast that ends Ramadan is Eid Al-Adha. This article appeared in the December 20, 2012 issue of the magazine under the headline “The Riddler.”. He also announced that the constitutional amendments passed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) restricting the president's powers would be annulled. “naked restaurants,” such as Hooters. Morsi joined the nationwide protests against the fraudulent election and was arrested in May 2006. Another concern of Egyptian democrats was the new constitution, which was written by an assembly that was 70 percent Islamist. The Brotherhood went underground. The death of Egypt’s former president, Mohamed Morsi, in a Cairo court on June 17, on the same day he was elected six years previously, closed a chapter in Egyptian history.Morsi … (They even made a deal, which later collapsed, to release Brotherhood leaders in return for stopping members from protesting.) 47 likes. On 5 January 2013, ten ministers were changed, leading to an increase in the number of those who are member of the FJP in the cabinet. The Islamist Construction and Development Party had called for the rally under the slogan "Together against violence," blaming the liberal-led opposition for unrest that has recently swept the … The Muslim Brotherhood's legislative body appointed Mohamed Morsi as president of the Freedom and Justice Party, Essam el-Erian as vice president, and Saad … [29], After 30 June 2012, when Morsi was sworn in as fifth and first democratically elected president of Egypt, Freedom and Justice Party became the principal governmental party. He attended Cairo University, Egypt’s most elite institution of higher learning, and won an engineering scholarship to the University of Southern California in 1978. “He was really happy, because he was going to acquire his Ph.D., to see the world, and bring more science and education back to Egypt,” Said told me. In the cabinet of Prime Minister Hesham Qandil, sworn in on 2 August 2012, FJP became the largest party in the government, taking 5 ministers, including ministry of Housing and Urban Development, ministry of higher Education, ministry of Manpower and Immigration, ministry of Media and ministry of State for Youth. [39], In an interview with Al-Alam TV that aired on 22 August 2012, Ahmad Sabi', the Freedom and Justice Party's media advisor stated (as translated by MEMRI) that the 1979 Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel were "a mark of shame upon the Egyptian people" and was "undermining Egypt's sovereignty" and "projects for the development of the Sinai." [23] The Muslim Brotherhood's legislative body appointed Mohamed Morsi as president of the Freedom and Justice Party, Essam el-Erian as vice president, and Saad El-Katatny as secretary general. [36] The party's membership is open to all Egyptians who accept the terms of its program. More specifically, the number of the FJP members in the cabinet became eight after the reshuffle. The result was the slow death of Mohamed Morsi. But it looked more like a blatant effort to ram through the constitution without judicial oversight—the act of a power-hungry politician enthralled by his own newfound stature. The Egyptian Unity Democratic Party Chairman Maher Khalil was always concern the Muslim Brotherhood, a group of Islamic Radicals and intolerant to other religious minority right of worship, Mainly the Copts and Shia Muslims. One article makes it illegal to insult the Prophet Mohammed. The party's political program would include tourism as a main source of national income. [6] The ex-president of the party, Mohamed Morsi, won the 2012 presidential election,[9] and in the 2011 parliamentary election it won more seats than any other party. On 30 June 2013, massive demonstrations were held across Egypt calling for President Morsi's resignation from office. Nowhere was this clearer than in his involvement with the dissolution of the Mubarak regime. Egypt’s first democratically elected leader last June, a mouthpiece for the deeply conservative Muslim Brotherhood. Although many key issues remained unresolved, both sides praised Morsi for his statesmanship. Egypt now suffers from endemic diseases, such as various types of cancer, hepatitis and kidney infections. This was a delicate balance that the Egyptian state never mastered. Mohamed Aboul Ghar, the leader of Egypt’s social democratic party, and one of the leading liberal voices to emerge after 2011, says it was the moment he realised Morsi wouldn’t last. The assassination marked the beginning of what Israel called “Operation Pillar of Defense,” the widespread targeting of Hamas operatives and rocketlaunching sites. It gained official status on 6 June 2011. Its influence quietly grew across Egypt—not least in the types of village mosques that the Morsis attended. [24][25] The three are former members of the Muslim Brotherhood "Guidance Office", or Maktab al-Irshad, the highest-level body of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood.[10]. Authorities accuse judges of ‘intervening in politics’ and supporting the party of Mohamed Morsi, who was replaced in a coup in 2013 Morsi has a practical incentive to cooperate with the hard-liners. Wavering voters, looking for an independent candidate, saw the military’s skepticism of the Brotherhood’s candidate as an auspicious sign. There were reasons for concern: Hamas is a spin-off of the Muslim Brotherhood, and the two movements have long shared hostility toward the Jewish state. He pointed at a scuffed wooden table: “Whenever he comes home, he works at this desk.” Books and pamphlets that Morsi had left behind were stacked haphazardly: a treatise by Hassan Al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood; a biography of a disciple of the Prophet Mohammed; a manifesto that had been distributed by the Freedom and Justice Party, which the Muslim Brotherhood founded immediately after the revolution that deposed Mubarak. It is nominally independent, but has strong links to the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt, the largest political group in Egypt. Mubarak’s security forces began shadowing Morsi, and, as the 2005 parliamentary elections approached, the regime embarked on an anti-Brotherhood intimidation campaign that cost Morsi and many other Brotherhood representatives their seats. Concurrently with these anti-Morsi demonstrations, his supporters held demonstrations elsewhere in Cairo. As the election approached, the last traces of cooperation between the Muslim Brotherhood and scaf vanished. On top of the pile rested a slim volume: Teach Yourself French in Five Days. “People in Egypt are looking for a livelihood,” Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, Israel’s former defense minister and a Labor Party legislator, said before the resumption of the Gaza conflict. And several of Morsi’s actions over the summer—such as his freeing of Islamic radicals from Egypt’s prisons and his initial passivity in the face of a Salafist-led breach of the U.S. Embassy wall on September 11—suggested that he was preparing for a major break with Mubarak’s policy of reflexively supporting U.S. and Israeli interests. Sisi could not openly execute Morsi due to the potential for civil unrest, but he was also uncomfortable with a powerful living reminder of Egypt’s alternate democratic path. Morsi’s defenders argued that the move was temporary, intended to counter efforts by Mubarak-appointed judges to block his reforms of the country’s institutions. Also, FJP ministers resigned or were deposed by the military. "[38] There is rivalry between the Freedom and Justice Party and the Salafis, who regard the Freedom and Justice Party as having 'watered down' its values. In June, in the final round of voting, Morsi won the presidency with 52 percent of the vote. [32], On launching the new party, the Muslim Brotherhood confirmed that it did not object to women or Copts serving in a ministerial post (cabinet),[33] though it deems both "unsuitable" for the presidency. But the final draft still proved alarming enough to provoke a walkout of secularists and Coptic Christians. An Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood organisation, Morsi led the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012. But Morsi’s early feints toward the Salafists have triggered loud objections from secular and minority Egyptians; any further concessions would undoubtedly spawn violent protests such as those that rocked Cairo and Alexandria in late November. A lawsuit against the party was dismissed on 22 September 2014 because the court indicated it had no jurisdiction. The rights watchdog's call came on the first anniversary of the Freedom and Justice Party leader's death in a Cairo courtroom on 17 June last year. ‎الصفحة الرسمية للسيد رئيس الجمهورية د.محمد مرسي ... قوتنا في وحدتنا‎ In April, scaf surprised the Brotherhood by disqualifying its preferred presidential candidate, Al Shater, on a technicality. Sitting beside his fields on the outskirts of Al Adwa, Said Morsi told me that his older brother remains rooted to the uncompromising Islamic beliefs that stamped his childhood and that have guided him throughout his life. Days later, he lost much of the goodwill he had earned by issuing an edict that awarded his office near-dictatorial powers. However, the Islamists more rigorously defined those principles, singling out “the scholars of Al Azhar University,” a venerated Islamic institution in Cairo, as the final arbiters of Egyptian law. MOBILE VIEW A protester opposing Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi gestures at the riot police while holding a national flag during clashes with Islamist protesters in front of The 6th October Bridge near … [34] The group supports a mixed economy with social justice,[8][35] but without "manipulation or monopoly". Unlike Mubarak, who despised Hamas and cooperated with Israel on sealing the border with Gaza, Morsi met several times with Hamas leaders and sporadically opened Egypt’s border in defiance of Israel. The group “held onto institutional cohesion,” says a Western diplomat. Hard-line Salafists, who comprised 25 percent of the assembly, backed off many of their initial demands, such as making zakat (charity) as well as the hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca) constitutional obligations. From January 2013 the party gradually distanced itself from President Mohamed Morsi 's Brotherhood government, and came to support the military's July 2013 coup which overthrew Morsi. [28], In June 2017 Cairo Criminal Court today decided to postpone the retrial of Mohammed Badi, leader of the terrorist Muslim Brotherhood, and his deputy Shater, and 10 others in the case of events "Guidance Bureau", to 10 next July meeting to attend the accused. Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Issa Al-Ayyat was an Egyptian politician and engineer who served as the fifth President of Egypt, from 30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013, when General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed him from office in a coup d'état after protests in June. On the party congress held on 19 October 2012, Katatni was elected president, el-Erian remained as vice president and Hussein Ibrahim as the new secretary-general. Maya Alleruzzo/AP. “A war will happen again between the Arabs and the Jews,” he told me matter-of-factly, “and we will regain Jerusalem.”. It’s not yet clear how Morsi intends to resolve the conflict. I noticed a poster hanging on an otherwise bare wall. “He said that they had a distorted ideology. [21], The Muslim Brotherhood announced on 21 February 2011, in the aftermath of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, that it intended to found the Freedom and Justice Party, to be led by Saad El-Katatny. It showed the Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem above the slogan, in Arabic, “We will return, oh Aqsa.” I asked his cousin how I should interpret these words. [11][12][13] Both the FJP and the Salafist Al Nour Party have since denied alleged intentions of political unification. MOHAMED MORSI’S FATHER wasn’t wealthy, but he was unusually determined that his eldest son receive an education beyond the family’s wheat, rice, and cotton fields. By this time, Brotherhood leaders had decided that violent radicalism was no longer tenable after the group’s decimation by years of crackdowns. They were not committed to Islam.” (In a recent interview with The New York Times, Morsi condemned America’s “naked restaurants,” such as Hooters.) In fact, it is Eid El-Fitr. The idea of the judge’s panel, he told me, was “something like the Shia regime in Iran.”. Story highlights. [14][15], The FJP originally stated that it would not field a candidate for the 2012 Egyptian presidential election,[16][17] but in fact did so, first running Muslim Brotherhood leader Khairat al-Shater, and then after he was disqualified running Morsi. Nour was betting that Morsi’s instinctual pragmatism, his lifelong desire to forestall the unpredictable consequences of a real revolution, would stop him from finally giving in to the Salafists. ... head of Kuwait’s Ummah Party… Hundreds of supporters of Islamist President Mohamed Morsi took to the street on Friday to denounce violence after weeks of bloody protests between police and anti-Morsi protesters. With scaf knocked off balance by the debacle, the president acted decisively against the Egyptian army leadership in Cairo, dismissing the army chief of staff and removing the decree limiting presidential powers. “In my estimation, the Brotherhood are Wahhabis, and the Salafists are Wahhabis, and they have many things in common,” he told me as we sat in the huge living room of his penthouse apartment in Zamalek, an affluent neighborhood whose many bars and active nightlife are symbols of the society that Egypt’s liberals are determined to preserve. In August, after masked gunmen killed 16 Egyptian soldiers at a military base in the Sinai, Morsi made a brazen move. Egypt’s only freely elected president, the Islamist Mohamed Morsi, who was deposed in a 2013 military-backed coup, died on Monday while on trial, the nation’s state television reported. Indeed, the Egyptian president became the primary negotiator and interlocutor between Hamas and Israel, cobbling together a cease-fire deal after eight days of bombardments, in which at least 150 Palestinians and six Israelis died. ON NOVEMBER 14, an Israeli drone circling over Gaza City fired a missile at a car carrying Ahmed Al Jabari, the head of Hamas’s military wing. They wanted a seamless transition, not a revolutionary upheaval—and as far as they were concerned, bargaining with the regime was in the movement’s best interest. In addition, the MB worked with independent candidates promising them support. Mohamed Soudan (born 1956) is a senior member of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Organization and its now defunct political wing, the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP). [10] On 24 June 2012, FJP's presidential candidate, Morsi, was announced as the winner of the election with 51.73% of the vote. The Brotherhood was growing in power—but so was the government’s suspicion. [26] And as of early 2013, Egypt was said to have become "increasingly divided between two camps": that of President Morsi and "Islamist allies", and opposing them "moderate Muslims, Christians and liberals". I had traveled to Al Adwa hoping that Morsi’s hometown might shed some light on a man who has only become more enigmatic during his brief time in the spotlight. He was also far more willing to cooperate with the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (scaf) if doing so might allow the Brotherhood to gain power. But the military’s enmity only aided Morsi’s campaign. When the Muslim Brotherhood, Freedom and Justice Party and Mohamed Morsi took power in Egypt. Almost immediately afterward, he resigned from the presidency of the Freedom and Justice Party. Mohamed Morsi My President. As one of the party’s most dependable loyalists, Morsi was in line for a reward. This is where Mohamed Morsi, the president of Egypt, was raised. Morsi lived in the United States for eight years, teaching at California State University in Northridge. After Morsi's and FJP impossibility to redress the economy, they started to lose popularity and were criticized. On 27 August 2012, Morsi named 21 advisers and aides that included three women and two Christians and a large number of Islamist-leaning figures and the new governors to the 27 regions of the country, all coming from FJP.

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